The Crescent case has been a highly drawn-out and complicated dispute. The case was about a contract that was signed between the Iranian government and Crescent Petroleum in 2001 during the presidency of Ahmad Khatami. In this overview, we will briefly review what the dispute was about and what the end result was. The Crescent dispute was about a gas contract between the National Iranian Oil Company (NIOC) and Crescent Petroleum. Crescent Petroleum, founded in 1971, is the first and largest private upstream oil company in the Middle East. Crescent Petroleum is also the founding and largest shareholder in Dana Gas, the first and largest publicly listed private-sector natural gas company in the Middle East.